How do universities teach values?
In this essay from 2001, Dennis Dutton (the man who puts together Arts & Letters Daily) responds to Toni Morrison, who suggested that colleges and universities should stop pretending to be dispassionate and disinterested and instead start inculcating their students with values and ethics (the link is to the Morrison lecture). Now, this is a complicated issue where we can easily forget what side we’re supposed to be on. The question at issue, I think, is: What kind of values and ethics do students learn in college, and at different colleges? The answer is complicated, but Dutton offers some nice thoughts on how many colleges are already inculcating values and how those values are, well, dogmatic and forced (this link is the Dutton response to Morrison).
In fact, the most mandarin and exclusionary departments in the modern university are not the sciences or disciplines that traditionally claim some measure of objectivity. They are rather the very departments where denunciations of “objectivity” and disinterestedness are most frequently voiced: humanities departments that traffic in literary theory and Marxified cultural studies. Here obfuscation and jargon reign, normally used to give the dazzle of science to political agendas: theorists mimic rigor and profundity, often to enshroud in verbal fog the banality of what is actually being said.
Consider a recent winning sentence from the Philosophy and Literature Bad Writing Contest: “The move from a structuralist account in which capital is understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to repetition, convergence, and rearticulation brought the question of temporality into the thinking of structure, and marked a shift from a form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of the rearticulation of power.”
A better instance of the typically exclusionary strategy of self-aggrandizing scholarship would be hard to find. Whatever the sentence (by literary theorist Judith Butler) means, it certainly is not intended clearly to communicate anything at all. Personally, I get the feeling that we are supposed to lie prostrate before it, as though in the presence of a profound bearer of truth which we, simple souls, are not meant to understand.
There’s no easy solution to this problem of the humanities, except maybe for people who believe in clarity and truth to send their children to colleges who don’t teach and write that kind of nutball prose.




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back to top50 Comments to “How do universities teach values?”
How do universities teach values?
If they are smart, they don’t. They should be teaching “ethics”. If Bush had learned “ethics”, this country wouldn’t be in the mess that it’s in.
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Dennis Dutton is right. I think he gets it.
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RDEAN,
Dutton points out in his essay that it’s impossible not to teach values in higher education, whether the course is called “ethics” or something entirely unrelated. The questions are: what values should be taught, what values make it into the curriculum in a pluralist culture, etc.
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Universities cannot and should not avoid axiology (the science of values). The only honest question is; which or whose values do they teach?
And RDEAN, our country is in fine shape–better than any other country I know of on earth, all things considered. That said, freedom can at times be messy. It even allows for Bush Derangement Syndrome (as exemplified by RDEAN). But we love freedom in the USA and we deal rather well (by comparison to others) with our messes.
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Harrison, you beat me to the punch.
And thanks for this thoughtful post, sir.
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#4: And RDEAN, our country is in fine shape–better than any other country
And it could be better. But, we are most certainly headed into recession not helped by the trillion dollars wasted on Iraq or the lower standing in the world letting Bin Laden get away. The bait and switch of the Republicans is when their messiah, Bush, is criticized, they say the country is being criticized, but alas, it’s Bush that is being criticized. He is the worst president in American History. I don’t know if he will ever be topped.
Notice that Christians colleges are never, ever criticized even though the government rates most, if not all of them, at tier four. The lowest rating you can achieve. It seems what they really want is to drag the rest of the country down to that level and call it “values”.
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The only “values” universities seem to be teaching these days is condom usage and that God is dead and that “anything goes” in the bedroom.
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What are universities about? What is their mission? Shall they teach students how to live a good life or how to make a good living?
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It seems to me that by the time you are 18 years-old, a lot of your values already should have been formed. Your parents haven’t done a particularly good job if they send you off to college without a concept of who you are and what you believe, not to mention how to balance your checkbook or at least keep track of your ATM charges.
Colleges should be in the business of helping you expand your knowledge base on whatever gives you passion, as well as providing an opportunity to explore other ideas in a relatively safe intellectual and physical setting. Surely, that is where tolerance should flourish?
Of course when young people fresh from home are given freedom, they can choose to learn from it, wallow in it, or give it away. The colleges’ focus really should be in on providing that safe setting for students to explore, while not promoting through choice or deliberate neglect their physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual safety.
I don’t know if such a college exists. Mine certainly wasn’t like that.
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RDEAN, I disagree that the effort in Iraq represents a waste of money. President Bush was right to depose the dispicable and dangerous Saddam and not run away from Iraq after that when the jihadist terrorists came to create chaos. President Bush is the first US President to take Islamic jihadist terrorism seriously and that can cost money.
The economy has been stong and I think it will stay that way. It has been resilient though huge tragedies and hardships over the last 7 years. We are in a correction period that was absolutely inevitable and for that matter, needed.
In post #1, you averred that our country is is a “mess.” That means you criticized our country (which is your right, by the way). I think it is glib and wrong to blame Bush for this alleged “mess.” But that’s no “bait & switch.” Just own up to the fact that you criticized (rather blibly) the state of our nation and blamed one man for it.
I simply disagree.
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RDean
Your “fourth tier” canard falls flat, as it always has, no matter how often repeated.
Wheaton College, Calvin College, Drew University, Thomas Aquinas, Hope College, Luther College … These (among others) are Christian liberal arts colleges ranked in the top 50% [US News&World Report]. There are also scads of top tier ranked Christian baccalaureate colleges.
If you want to criticize Christian higher education, please do it honestly, and in an educated manner.
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#7: The only “values” universities seem to be teaching these days is condom usage and that God is dead and that “anything goes” in the bedroom.
Clap trap.
It’s been a few years since I attended a University, but none of what you suggest was ever offered as courses. This is the same nonsense the “religious” have been trying to push for the last twenty years. They have this non scientific and unproven reasoning that to be involved with mysticism will somehow make you a better person.
Christian children have the highest rates of std’s and pregnancy. Every time you turn around, their leaders are involved in another sex, drug and or money scandal.
Reading passages out of a book doesn’t make you moral. And it’s unethical to teach that it does.
This is why secular institutions consistantly get higher ratings the universities of the occult. If you want to “save your spirit”, go to the church of your choice.
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#10: ranked in the top 50%
Come back when they are in the top 5%.
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#9: President Bush was right to depose the dispicable and dangerous Saddam
Why just him? Why not the dictator in charge of North Korea? He has nuclear weapons. Why not in Africa? Oh wait, none of THEM has oil. AND the terrorists came AFTER we invaded. Come on now. Be honest.
Didn’t it make you sick watching Bush parade around with the leaders of Arabia? Wearing their clothes? They dressed him up and paraded him around. The only thing missing was the organ grinder and the leash. Oh wait, oil is the leash. Where did the guys come from that brought down the WTC? Arabia maybe?
#9: ust own up to the fact that you criticized (rather blibly) the state of our nation and blamed one man for it.
Bush is the president. He is the leader of this administration. He mishandled the mess in New Orleans. He’s chased nearly every reputable scientists out of govenment. He spent a trillion dollars in Iraq (11 billion of which, no one can account for). He spies on American people. He tortures. He appoints people like Gonzolas and Brownie. He tricked us into going into Iraq. Everything this administration has touched has turned to crap. So, yes, I blame that one man.
For me, it hurts to see this country damaged so much and divided by this one man. Too bad you don’t feel that way. 2/3rds of the American people have a different viewpoint.
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#12 “Come back when they are in the top 5%.”
RDean,
Why?
Some Christian colleges are among the top, though I don’t know about the ones SG mentioned. I answered you yesterday on another thread that my alma mater, Cedarville University, is not only in the top 50% of USNews rankings for schools in the Midwest, but tied for #3 in that grouping. But other colleges fall lower on this list, or in tier 3 or 4. So what?
Aside from the methodology used in the rankings (and I’m not sure how well the rankings actually reflect the value of the education students receive), any ranking is going to put some schools in the lower tiers.
If you were correct that most if not all of Christian schools were in the lower tier, that would be cause for concern. But you’re not, unless you’re referring to some other ranking system we’re not familiar with – and if you are please provide a link to it.
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“It’s been a few years since I attended a University”
It’s not too late to go back. The Metra Union Pacific West line will get you right to the edge of Wheaton’s campus if you’re interested in knowing something about what you’re talking about {:~)
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#13,
RDEAN, it could be a positive step to also depose the dictator in charge of North Korea but not without independently considering the logistics, the casualties, the costs, the foreign policy impact, and the dynamics it could set into motion and many many other factors.
Did you catch the word “indepentently” in that statement, RDEAN? The case for deposing Saddam is not the same as that of other cases. And I think we gave Saddam so many chances to comply for so long without success that war indeed became our last resort with him.
Anyhow, Norther Korea has nothing to do with my statement that it was right to depose the dsepicable and dangerous dictator, Saddam.
Speaking of Africa, President Bush did indeed have a hand in deposing the corrupt tyrant Charles Taylor in Liberia and things are much better there now than in the nineties when civil war ravaged that country. Good for President Bush.
Not much oil there either.
Wrong again RDEAN. Your record is near perfect.
And your hatred of the Presdient is based on falsehoods upon falsehoods.
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#16: And I think we gave Saddam so many chances to comply for so long without success that war indeed became our last resort with him.
So it’s our responsibility to police the world? Sadam was no threat to us. In the meantime, Bin Laden sends us home movies. I just don’t understand how you people can stomach that?
Notice how you sidestep Bush prancing around dressed as an Arabian? How can you stomach that? Knowing that nearly all those hijackers came from Arabia? When it comes to that man, for you guys, he can do no wrong.
#16: Your record is near perfect.
I know.
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17, RDEAN asked, “So it’s our responsibility to police the world?”
I did not say it was our “responsbility,” RDEAN. I said it was “right.” Deal with what I actually say, not what you make up.
RDEAN never recognized my point (refuting his point) about independently assessing each mission.
As for how Bush dresses on a trip, I did not sidestep it–I simply don’t care about it. Bush is doing what nearly every President does on trips. Not an issue for me, but you can write all you want.
After responding to the off-target comment(s) you raised about President Bush, I suggest we retrun to the topic at hand. Why don’t you respond to Harrison’s comments at #3?
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So I go here, “Center for Measuring University Performance”.
http://mup.asu.edu/research.html
Then I go here, “Listing of Christian Colleges and Universities”.
http://www.collegeview.com/collegesearch/index.jsp?partner=1000&location=1502
I start putting in Christian College names in the search and nothing come up. Then I put in the word Christian and two come up. One ranked 149 nationally and the 187 nationally in the number of National Merit and Achievement Scholars. One had 9 and the other had 5.
However, they are both highly ranked in terms of “endowments”.
Of course, when it comes to Bible “reading and quotes”, I’m sure the Christian Colleges come in first every time.
How come I never read about the accomplishments in Science and Biology and Physics and Technology that the Christian colleges and universities must surely be excelling in? Where are all their Nobel Prizes? What about all the new discoveries in “Intelligent Design”? Surely, for people to promote such a thing, there must be volumes of evidence? Is there “value” in “Intelligent Design”? Does it support “medicine”?
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For those of you who have not attended a university lately, ethics is now of prime importance. Ethics classes are now often mandatory.
What do these “ethics” courses discuss. Honesty and integrity are perhaps most discussed. Research is only as valuable as it is true. Universities do not want their name attached to poorly performed research that is biased or slanted.
The also want to be certain that nothing illegal or inappropriate is performed that could lead to lawsuits or damage to the image of the university.
Their is also discussion over use of funds. Researchers are not to misuse funds for personal gain.
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RDEAN,
Most Christian colleges and universities (most) are not research universities. They are four-year institutions that award bachelor’s degrees. A good many of these graduates, however, go on to do graduate level research in the sciences (and engineering, and medicine, and law, and English, etc.) at large research institutions, which are generally non-religious.
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Values are taught by the entire culture, or untaught by it. We are mistaken to hold our collective breath waiting for today’s universities to do transmit the values we hold near and dear. As often as not, they are actively undermining values and helping kids unlearn moral principles. But it’s a mixed bag and kids are getting mixed messages from all sides.
This is a call for Christians to be willing to participate more actively in culture-transmitting institutions and access more vehicles and opportunities to pass on our heritage.
* During World War II, Hollywood carried pro-America and pro-war values into their movies and it took hold in our society.
* Churches must take a bolder lead in carrying the values torch. But Christians also need to be vocal and active in carrying that torch, with kindness and discretion, into all sectors of society.
* Pulications like WORLD Magazine are getting some good insights out into the mix and this is good for our culture.
** Still, the best transmitter of values is the home and family. We count on parents first and foremost to teach and live their values and pass them on.
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Condom Use
God is Dead
Anything Goes
most of one semester!
Why do you call yourself outkast? Were you cast out? What for??
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So, what did Phyllis Schlafly, the mother of the American conservative movement, teach her oldest son?
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Why do you call yourself outkast? Were you cast out? What for??
Isn’t it obvious?
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JOEL MARK: . . . today’s universities . . . are actively undermining values and helping kids unlearn moral principles.
Very true, provided kids are taught adequately in the first place! It’s awfully unfair to expect universities to deconstruct the categories of Western metaphysics when students don’t have a clue what they are. Universities can open their golden doors, but it takes a homeschooler or graduate of Harvest Christian Academy to yearn to breathe free.
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RDean,
To add to what Harrison pointed out in #21, the professors who produce the best research are often not the ones who do the best teaching. My husband majored in molecular biology, and my sister majored in math at an engineering school, and both told stories about professors who were experts in their fields but very poor teachers.
The school I went to made sure their professors were teachers first and foremost, and did not neglect their students for the sake of publishing papers. They do research too – and so do their students. I copied this info from their Engineering news:
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) held its 28th Annual SAE International Supermileage® competition June 7-8 to see which engineering students could come up with the best “supermileage” on their self-designed and self-built vehicles.
Ready for the challenge, 10 Cedarville engineering students and their advisor, Dr. Larry Zavodney, designed and built two sleek cars, made to run frugally on regular automotive gasoline.
At the Eaton Corporation Marshall Proving Grounds in Marshall, Mich., Cedarville’s Gold Lightning II took second place with 1,240 miles per gallon. To put this into perspective, the car could have driven to California on less than two gallons of gas.
The competition included 32 schools from the U.S., Canada, India, and Bahrain. Schools such as Rose-Hulman (1,541 mpg), UCLA (832 mpg), and the University of Dayton (188 mpg) competed.
That sounds like some pretty good work they’re doing to me, especially with the price of gas now.
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Dean,
Isn’t WHAT obvious?
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I had an epidemiologist professor that was a big proponent of condoms, vaccines, and comprehensive sex education. I can understand why. He was tired of seeing unwanted pregnancies, STDs, HIV, and other avoidable problems in society.
81% of Evangelicals believe extramarital sex is immoral. Only 33% of other Americans believe this.
46% of teens will have sex in high school. Interestingly, several studies show that the rate is actually slightly higher for evangelicals.
Epidemiologists are tired of listening to Christians try to teach their supposed “morals”. They feel it is “unethical” to put 50% of teens at risk of HIV, unwanted pregnancy, and STDs just to satisfy the morals of the “evangelicals”. It is particularly damning that evangelicals are doing a worse job of protecting their teens than non-evangelicals.
It is immoral to provide condoms to teens.
It is unethical to put teens at risk by not providing condoms when 50% will have sex.
Who is right? The ethics professor or the moral theologian?
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THEO 81% of Evangelicals believe extramarital sex is immoral.
Amazing, the opinion isn’t nearly unanimous. What percentage of Evangelicals believe murder is unanimous. Probably 99%. If something is truly immoral, everybody agrees.
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Well Scroop Moth,
Since more than 50% of evangelicals have had extramarital sex, it is difficult for them to all consider it immoral. Many people will rationalize their actions with their beliefs.
Of course, evangelicals really have very little incentive to live according to their morals. Jesus is giving them all a free pass to heaven anyway. I wonder why they even bother having morals. Jews are much more chaste than evangelicals. But then again, so are buddhists, muslims, mormons, and atheists.
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REG: For years I went by the moniker Weekender, but that was when I worked as editorial director of a Wisconsin publication with that name. I’m now working freelance, so I’m an outsider known here as Outkast (with a few side monikers such as Jake and Sarah, but I settled on Outkast).
Christians are not of this world. We are pilgrims in a strange land. Outkasts, as it were.
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Since more than 50% of evangelicals have had extramarital sex, it is difficult for them to all consider it immoral.
We’re not perfect, Theo, nor do we claim to be. But we do worship Someone who is indeed perfect, and need His help to do as well as we can.
It’s not a “free pass” to heaven, however. It requires “taking up the cross” (accepting the free gift Christ offers).
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THEO wrote; “Since more than 50% of evangelicals have had extramarital sex…”
Perhaps you give us too much credit. You need to know that actually, 100% of evangelicals are sinners whose only hope of eternal life rests in a God who forgives the sins of those who repent.
And Jesus paid dearly for that “free pass” you mentioned. His main challenge was that people repent of their sins — this is mandated to begin our walk with Him and for those who would willingly receive his “free pass” to heaven.
True repentacne will bear forth good fruit. It instills the ‘repentee’ with a lifelong deep desire to please God. ANYONE, regardless of the label they wear, who does not “bother having morals” (in your words) has, by definition, NOT repented.
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THEO Since more than 50% of evangelicals have had extramarital sex, it is difficult for them to all consider it immoral. . . . I wonder why they even bother having morals.
Another amazing statistic! It explains why evangelicals have set their affections on things below the belt. Which is good, I suppose, but raises another question. Why do they choose to be sexual libertines rather than sexually liberated?
Listen to JOEL MARK’s overdetermined vocabulary: “. . . Jesus paid dearly for that “free pass” . . . bear forth good fruit . . . ‘repentee’ . . . deep desire to please . . . ANYONE, regardless of the label they wear, who does not “bother having morals” (in your words) has, by definition, NOT repented.
Sounds like Joel’s in a Puritan fever, posting rules as fast as he can type. BTW, how did the divines ever publish the ordinances of The Lord without a caps lock key?
I think there’s a bit of S&M discipline in there somewhere. Libertinism must be more fun than liberation! Next thing you know, the mega-churches will be distributing whips on Corpus Christi. XXX
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I really do understand the concept of the atonement. I don’t think that anyone can earn their way into heaven. I know that only a perfect sacrifice can erase our sins and we are therefore in Christ’s debt forever.
I speak more out of disappointment that after the enormous sacrifice that Jesus made there is really no statistical evidence that christians are bearing good fruit. It is as if that suffering was completely in vain. In fact, all studies point to a weaker showing among evangelical christians than other faiths and other religions.
If only 1 in 10 Christians were to show forth fruit of repentance, there would be a statistically significant difference between Christians and non-Christians.
I can only conclude that Christ has made no difference. No wonder that Mohammed was chosen as the world’s most influential person. Jesus would have been chosen #1 but his followers are showing very little effort to actually obey his word. I think they misunderstand that true repentance is revealed by a change of heart.
There is too much “Jesus” talk. It actually embarrasses me when I hear it. Especially from political candidates seeking personal gain.
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How do universities teach values?
Lead by example.
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P.S. Because, of course, if you have not “truly repented” you obviously have not yet sinned enough to make repentance worth while!
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Well, it is one thing that the world is not our home, but God calls us righteous, saints, godly; He identifies us this way. He does not call us outkasts. I prefer to think of myself not just in relation to this world, but as part of God’s kingdom which is now and forever.
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THEO There is too much “Jesus” talk. It actually embarrasses me when I hear it. Especially from political candidates seeking personal gain.
Huckabee hears you loud and clear, Theo. For a change of pace, check this out:
[T]he former Arkansas governor told a Myrtle Beach crowd on January 17, referring to the Confederate flag. “If somebody came to Arkansas and told us what to do with our flag, we’d tell them what to do with the pole. That’s what we’d do.”
Sorta supports my theory that evangelicals have their affections set on things below the belt.
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#37, THEO wrote; “If only 1 in 10 Christians were to show forth fruit of repentance, there would be a statistically significant difference between Christians and non-Christians.”
If you think there is not a statistically significant difference between Christians and non-Christians, Theo, then I think your are misinformed. There are significant differences between Christians and non-Christians, and they are often statistically confirmed.
Humans often do statistics very badly. George Barna dide a study that allegedly found little difference between the divorce rate among those who claim to be “born again” and the reast of the population. A better researcher did a more reliable study that found that there was a profound difference in the divorce rate of people who actually regularly attended church, and those who did not. Those who regularly attended had a much lower divorce rate.
More good news: God is neither fooled or led by statistics.
But what other differences were you expecting true repentance to create? And if you truly believe what you wrote, are you willing to sincerely repent of your sins? Perhaps you have, but I am just asking for the sake of the point, not meaning to judge you either way. Besides, only God can judge if repentance is real.
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That’s right, Joel, preach it. Are you willing to repent you of your sins?
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And that is good news! God is neither fooled or led by statistics. Amazing when you think of the trouble He has counting!
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Jeol Mark,
You make an excellent point.
There are statistically significant differences between Christians who attend church and those who don’t.
These differences are based on a term known as religiosity. This is not unique to christianity however. Jews, Muslims, Mormons, and Buddhists show similar differences. Those who attend church are healthier, happier, and live longer.
It is not Christianity therefore but religious attendance that is correlated with the protective effect. Some even point to the fact that while people who are healthy and happy attend church, the health might be the cause of the attendance rather than the attendance be the cause of the health. Those who are sick and depressed may not attend church because they simply don’t feel well enough to. Divorced people might not attend church because in some instances they are shunned or even forbidden to participate.
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I’m an outcast on several levels, Reg, and so are you if you despise the things of this world and seek after things eternal.
Of course, back on the topic of this thread, public universities today teach students to love the things of the world. The world’s values, however, do not line up with those of the Lord, and for that reason the world seeks to “cast Christians out” — out of politics, out of government, out of teaching in the public school setting, out of the arts, etc.
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if you despise the things of this world and seek after things eternal.
Things eternal? Like made up stuff, the supernatural and spook stuff?
Creepy.
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Yeah, whatever, RDean. Enjoy your afterlife.
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How do you imagine yours to be?
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I don’t normally respond to posts, but I’m struck by how, in all these responses, no one (including Dutton) has even attempted to wrestle with Butler’s sentence.
Here is the sentence’s argument, as I read it: Butler argues that scholars need to abandon the old Marxist conception of economics that places the Market above all social or cultural relations. In traditional Marxism, human relations are economically-determined class relations, and other factors, like religion, for example, are merely illusory and draw people away from what’s really important. This is where you get Marx’s argument that religion is the “opiate of the masses.” In contrast, Butler (who remains friendly to Marxist critiques of Capitalism) argues that scholars should accept that human relations are multi-faceted and situated in particular times and places. Rather than seeing the Economy as the universal determinant of everything, which can only be “fixed” with a radical revolution of the kind Marx described (and figures like Lenin and Trotsky sought to make reality), Butler argues that local resistance and democratic politics have value. While this is not a particularly radical shift in current “Leftist” scholarship, it is a very big step away from Marx.
Butler is easy to poke fun at. She’s not a good writer (a really horrible one in fact), and her writing often obscures her arguments. On the other hand, there is some value in these kind of frustratingly, maddeningly written sentences. Although they often, as in this case, make people turn away—convinced that, because the words seem meaningless, they have no meaning—they can also have the effect of making thoughtful people slow down. Sometimes we jump too quickly on apparently simple sentences, turning them into sound-bytes and trampling all over the complexity of the message. Think of all the times you’ve seen someone quoted, usually disparagingly, and thought to yourself: “But there’s so much more to it than that!” Butler’s sentence is easy to mock, but it’s impossible to make it into a sound-byte.
You may disagree with Butler’s politics, but she’s not trying to teach students here. She’s writing to scholars in her field, familiar with the theories that inform her arguments. If Butler or any other professor assigned a text like this and failed to explain it, or tried to use the heavy vocabulary as a weapon to intimidate students into adopting a particular perspective, we would be perfectly justified in denouncing them as bad teachers. But a text like this can also provide increasing opportunities for valuable instruction about contemporary social and political debates that continue across the global landscape.
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