Rediscovering our inner farmers
In an open letter to the next president published in The New York Times Magazine last month, food writer Michael Pollan argues “we need to wean the American food system off its heavy 20th-century diet of fossil fuel and put it back on a diet of contemporary sunshine.” Calling for a host of reforms, from ending agribusiness manipulation of federal policy, to redefining food, to turning the South Lawn of the White House into a vegetable garden, Pollan wants nothing less than a wholesale transformation of the American—and by extension, the world’s—food system.
It’s a tricky issue, if only because many of Pollan’s solutions rely on the same toolkit—government sticks and carrots—that helped destroy the American farm, rewarding politically connected agricorporations at the expense of local community and self-sufficiency. It’s a perpetual faith of the modern liberal, I suppose, that government bureaucracies can do things well if only the people overseeing them have the right intentions.
Still, Pollan has a long list of “stops” that, even if his recommended actions are ignored, would surely help matters: Stop subsidizing monoculture, stop prohibiting food imports, stop flooding foreign markets with cheap food, stop rewarding land-grant colleges for developing newer and better ways to drive the small farmer out of business, stop feeding schoolchildren junk food. I, for one, am a big fan of government stopping any number of its activities.
As for action, I’m thinking about what Pollan’s critiques—as well as those of the prophet-farmer who has inspired thousands like him, Wendell Berry—mean for how my family lives. Maybe it’s just insecurity stemming from the current economic meltdown, or perhaps a latent agrarianism, but I find myself looking at our land and wondering how we might pull food from it. I never learned much about farming, I don’t know the first thing about hunting, and I’m a pretty poor fisherman. I think I’d like to get better at all of them. I suppose there are many reasons: doing my part to squeeze oil out of the food chain, drawing close to creation, improving our diets, doing good work with my sons, acquiring and passing along what one day may once again become survival skills. I’m haunted as well by something Berry wrote in one of his Home Economics essays, that you are free to the extent that you can provide for yourself. If you have to hand over money to people to do even the most basic things for you, then you are ultimately dependent.
So this winter I’ll be talking to local farmers and reading some gardening books and possibly learning how to use a bow. It promises to be a glorious disaster, and I’ll be lucky to emerge next fall with all my fingers and toes intact. But I’m increasingly convinced that it’s just as important to teach my sons these things as to teach them how to read well, how to use logic, how to see the world. I suppose in that I’m just rediscovering what our forbears knew, that a life of work in creation should not be separated from a life of the mind. There’s no federal policy that will achieve the rejoining of those dying arts, but maybe many of us can, a family at a time, in our own homes.













back to top31 Comments to “Rediscovering our inner farmers”
We started our boys on Nerf bow and arrows . . .
Gardening, also, was a great success with them: digging in the ground, throwing dirt clods, rolling in the mud. Their favorite crop was potatoes–digging up treasure! Or possibly strawberries–they thought all you had to do was put them in the ground and voila! sweet red jewels. (They were thunderstruck when we moved to Hawaii and strawberries didn’t grow there–too hot).
Do yourself a favor this fall–rake a tall pile of leaves (I’m talking two feet high) to a flat area not far from the house and a water source. Let them sit there on the prospective garden bed all through the winter. If you elect to plant a garden next year, composting leaves over the winter will simplify the task of digging the beds next spring.
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A very thought-provoking article. Philosophically, it’s a cross between government-off-my-back libertarianism and America-first paleoconservatism. And that, in the NYT Magazine! There’s a little save-the-earth-ism there, too, but not what I’d expected.
Like Tony, I knew nothing of hunting until I was into my 40’s. After my first trip, I’ve found it to be a wonderful way to bond with my son and to teach the important lesson that, if we’re going to eat meat, something has to die. This will be the fourth Thanksgiving where the StuBobs will eat pheasant killed by the old man.
Of course, I had to travel pretty far to get to the birds, so I’m not really living up to the premise of this article….
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I’m not sure why, but my boys seem to have a dirt-avoidance gene. They don’t mind clutter (just take a look at their rooms - they take after their father), but they have never liked getting dirt on themselves. It’s not like I am constantly telling them to wash their hands (I sometimes forget to wash before eating myself), but as soon as they get dirty they have to wash it off. No compulsive washing - just for dirt and other messy stuff.
So getting them interested in gardening has not gone well. My younger son finally got excited about it last summer - but it was a pretty small garden as he decided he’d had enough of dirt after planting just a few seeds. I started my own in another part of the yard, using some seedlings I had picked up on sale at Menards, and he helped me plant one - then decided I could do the rest.
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I have a question for you gardeners: What constitutes “organic” gardening? If I plant seeds from Menard’s or the Burpee catalog (if such a thing still exists — Oh, wait — Here’s burpee dot com!) am I an “organic” farmer? And, how do I get started turning a corner of the lawn into a garden? If I rent a roto-tiller, have I contributed to the oil-into-food problem?
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#4 am I an “organic” farmer? - if you don’t use conventional pesticides and artificial fertilizers, probably yes!
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My husband and I still have a small vegetable garden. I used to can hundreds of jars of vegies. I will still make jelly when I have fruit or berries available. Gardening can seem quite romantic until you experience the hard work of it. It can be restful and a great hobby, but to do it at a sustainable level is quite different.
My husband grew up eating mostly venison. He is very glad not to have to eat it any more. He could get some from our sons-in-law. We do get fish from them sometimes. We don’t fish much anymore. We are definately fair-weather fishermen.
It seems this is like the people who trash western medicine. Forgetting the millions that have been helped, they always speak of how it fails. Nonorganic farms have saved millions from starving and given them better lives.
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The subject of organic farming came up one day recently (I was telling about a discussion of it here on wmb), and my husband said that “nonorganic farming” is an oxymoron. Plants are by definition organic, so growing plants can’t be nonorganic. Of course he’s speaking as a biologist, not a farmer - but he agreed with the viewpoint that had been expressed by one commenter here that “nonorganic farming” probably contributed a lot more to overall health of the world’s population than “organic farming,” and that a lot of the claims made in favor of organic produce were based on poor science.
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If you are just starting out in gardening I *highly* recommend using the square foot gardening technique. You MUST NOT begin too big or you will be over-run with work and get discouraged.
Square Foot Gardening
Organic gardening is now defined in a very technical sense by the US Government’s National Organic Program.
NOP
To be certified organic you have to have an agency come and certify that your farming follows the Federal rule.
What you want to be most concerned about, though, is the quality of your food. I am now posturing my gardens for high brix produce.
Brix Book
High brix food contains quality that can be measured. It is produced in soils that are properly mineralized. Organic farming methods may help produce high-brix foods because organic farming feeds the soil. A soil with a hyperactive biological zone contains the right bacteria and fungi to break down your stones and put minerals into the reach of your crops. High brix farming can also include activities that are not acceptable to the NOP - like foliar feedings (feeding your plants directly by spraying food onto their leaves).
Modern farming with its pesticide use kills the organisms that promote healthy soils.
In terms of hunting, I much prefer to tend animals and know where they are when I want to kill them rather than wander in the woods all day hoping to see something.
Rabbits and chickens are very easy to keep, fairly easy to clean, and quite tasty. We raise pigs, goats, cows, and turkeys too. But as you might guess by my name I farm part-time so my circumstances are different than most.
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Helpful comments everyone, especially the gardening tips. I think it’s clear that high-yield practices, especially the work of Norman Borlaug, has benefitted millions. I think Pollan’s point is that we’ve become unbalanced, not only wrecking foreign agriculture markets, but propping up bad growing and eating practices in decidedly un-free market fashion at home. Wendell Berry, meanwhile, contends that agribusiness undermines the very fabric of community. My own point of view is that if more of us farm, all the better. Now I just need to figure out where the kids put my rake…
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The most common error when starting to garden is to begin too large. I *highly* recommend that beginners use the Square Foot Gardening method.
“Organic” farming is a term that is now owned and defined by the federal government’s National Organic Program. To be certified organic you have to have an agency come inspect your farm to make sure you are following the rules.
What you really want to strive for is high-brix produce. High brix vegetables are grown in soils that are properly mineralized and can be easily identified with a refractometer.
Organic gardening *can* be helpful in producing high-brix produce because it promotes a healthy soil. Soils with a highly active biological zone contains the bacteria and fungi needed to make minerals available to the growing plants. Conventional farming and pesticides tend to kill off both good and bad soil critters. (Just like pasteurizing milk…but that is another story.)
In terms of animal proteins, it is easier for me to raise something and know where it is when I am hungry rather than have to wait around in the woods hoping something walks by. Chickens and rabbits are easy to keep (rabbits are commonly just kept in cages), fairly easy to clean, and tasty.
But as you may guess by my name, I run a small family farm part-time, so it is natural for me to think animals are easy because I have them built into my lifestyle. So my situation is a little bit different than most people out there.
But it is true that if everyone had a small garden the total amount of food produced would be huge.
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In the mid 1800’s, 70% of the population were farmers. The figure was still 30% in 1900. The mechanization of agriculture in the 20th century was the single largest factor that allowed our population to grow to the size it has and to enter the modern era. Anybody who thinks we can just get rid of the gasoline-powered tractors, combines, harvesters, and trucks that grow and transport our food hasn’t thought it through. Avoiding starvation while abandoning mechanization would require large segments of the population to return to subsitence farming, which would mean fewer people for manufacturing, knowledge work, academia, etc. It would be a huge step backward for our society.
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Aargh. The spam filter must have taken my post due to multiple links.
The most common problem in starting out with gardening is beginning to big. I *highly* recommend that beginners use the square foot gardening method.
Use you own soil with leaf litter or other compost if you can’t afford to buy the peat moss and stuff that he recommends.
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I’ve been considering just this topic for a long time. My husband and I will be retiring within the next few years (God-willing)to about 36 acres in northern MI. There are plenty of deer and wild turkeys, and there is a place to fish nearby - my dad taught me to fish as a girl and it is something I have always enjoyed.
Ther eis an apple orchard on the property, and I have been considering ways to grow and preserve food from the land. I have even researched cold root cellars and how to make one and building a smokehouse and a small greenhouse. I’m even looking into bee keeping. That should keep us busy in our retirement.
I plan to avail myself of all the firsthand knowledge I can find. Good thing we have some Amish friends who live in the area too.
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The term “organic” is now defined (and owned) by the federal government’s National Organic Program . To be certifed you would have to have an agency come and inspect you to prove that you are following the rules.
In its simplest form, organic gardening is a philosophy whereby you feed the soil and not the plant. So organic farmers are adding soil amendments that promote a healthy biological zone - not just earthworms, but the fungi and bacteria that make nutrients available to plants.
Conventional farming tends to dump NPK directly into the soil so the plants can scoop it up directly. And by using pesticides it has an effect of killing off the beneficial organisms along with the bad.
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I think it’s good to get back to the gardening. It is , after the REAL oldest profession!
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What you really want to strive for in gardening is high brix produce. This is produce that contains the most nutrition and tastes the way old-timers remember vegetables tasting.
High brix vegetables are produced when your soils have a hyperactive biological layer. I’m in the middle stages of learning how to balance the minerals in my soils to get excellent produce results but I am sure that the effort will be worth the result. Most of our soils have been depleted of many minerals. And the biological zone has been deadened so that they cannot break down the stones to replace the minerals.
Now, regarding animals, I much prefer to know where my animals are rather than wander through the woods in hopes of catching something to eat. Rabbits and chickens are easy to raise, need little space, and are quite tasty.
I raise large animals too - cows, pigs, and goats. But as my name suggests I operate a small family farm part time and have chosen to make that part of my lifestyle. So my circumstances are different than many of yours.
Klasko #11 - next spring google the term “whizbang cider press” or go to the whizbang site. http://www.whizbangbooks.com/.
He is writing up his plans for a family sized apple cider press. (My son built his whizbang chicken plucker for me and it works great.) You’ll want to use all those dropped apples for cider so that they don’t go to waste.
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Thanks EfarmerNY. I know I asked you this before, but I never got real specific. You said you are in upstate outside of Syracuse. Are you familiar with Nedrow? I went to high school in South Onondaga. We used to buy lots of our farm produce from Abbodale Farms off the side of the road at their farm stand.
There were a lot of farm kids at school.
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Ah, yes, Dr. Borlaug and the Green Revolution. I grew up (through mid-1976) in Ciudad Obregón (see eighth paragraph here). I’ve been on that street (blvd, actually) plenty of times.
I hope this posts correctly. Preview ain’t not showing it nowhere near right no way.
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Imagine that. Thanks to the spam filter I ended up spamming the thread. Sorry everyone. Note to site administrators: If our post goes to the spam control department, let us know on the returning page.
Klasko #17 If you know where Col. Doyt McGuinness had his auction business on Kennedy Road, then you can pin-point me pretty precisely. It is far enough west, though, that we fall in the LaFayette School District.
John M # 11 You seem to think that our current industrialized food system is the only method that can feed the world. But now you stop and think it through…if the current system is failing then it needs to be fixed. Pollan noted in his article that it is more important to grow more nutritious food than larger quantities of food. This ties into the point about high brix which I brought up above (3 times!). Industrialized agriculture takes organic matter and minerals from the soil with no plan to replace them. Lack of organic matter leads to more water and wind erosion which depletes the soil even more.
I can’t help but wonder how our agricultural sector would look if the US had thrown as much time and money into developing small scale farm technologies as they had for large scale ones. Take Eliot Coleman as an example. He has designed small scale tools that make hand work easier. Just think of what could be done with the resources of people trained to design things.
How many of our teenagers get into trouble because they have lots of energy and no productive way to express it? How much more food could be produced if it were channeled into small scale gardening? And wouldn’t that help to create the feeling of community that Wendell Berry longs for?
Obviously this is not a change that can take place overnight, but it gives us a target to shoot at. I think the point here is that the food ‘crisis’ gives us opportunity to re-think our food sources and see how we can contribute. You don’t have to feed the world by yourself, but if we have the technology for you to grow half of your summer vegetables with a few hours of work each week, (and they taste better and are more nutritous) isn’t that a reasonable goal?
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Thanks for the resources, EFarmer. Any books you can recommend to a first time gardener/compost heaper?
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I grew up on a little farm in Alaska. The growing season was quite short, so we had to take advantage of whatever we could. Even so, we grew a pretty nice garden, which was almost totally organic. We grew lots of cool weather vegetables quite well; cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, chard, leaf lettuce, carrots, turnips (sweetest turnips I ever ate!) celery, and grew the heck out of some potatoes! I still remember those Swede potatoes (not to be confused with sweet potatoes). We had a greenhouse for cucumbers, tomatoes, and peppers. Zucchini and summer squash were grown in the top end of a barrel to help keep them warm, and things like carrots, radishes and turnips were hilled up for the same reason.
The helpful thing for us was that we also raised animals - rabbits, pigs, chickens, ducks, geese, goats, and sheep. No cows or horses. We did have a couple of dogs and cats.
The reason the animals were helpful is that each spring, well… actually summer I guess, since it was June before the ground was ready, the barns would need cleaned out. (Kinda hard to do at -20 degrees in the winter.) Into the compost heap would go the all the bedding (straw, hay, and sawdust) and the manure. Also in the compost heap would go any vegetable matter from meals or harvesting. We had so much that we never built bins or raked leaves and grass clippings for it, or even watered it. We did mix some lime and some other minerals in I think. But even in the middle of winter the organisms would be breaking down all of the mixture causing enough heat to melt off the snow. Next spring there would be a ready compost for the garden.
One thing I eventually learned was that it sure is easier to hook up the rotor-tiller to the John Deere 420 and till up the ground, than it is to dig a large garden up by hand. If I don’t know how to do anything else, I can run a shovel, and a hammer. In addition to turning over the soil with a shovel every year, I spent many a summer cleaning up junk lumber and straightening out nails.
And I thought I’d died and gone to heaven when we finally got a pump to pump water up from the lake instead of lugging bucket after bucket up from the creek…
I don’t grow any kind of garden nowadays. I do mow the lawn occasionally. I’m not sure I miss all that work. Good thing mom always did the canning. At 70+ years she’s finally slowing down though…
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Ah, LaFayette! One of our school rivals! I went to Onondaga Central. That’s pretty close to home. I actually lived on Onondaga Hill, off Seneca Tpk. Small world.
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Yeah. We need to stop using fossil fuels so we can learn how not to be able to feed ourselves much less much of the rest of the world. We will all die nobly at least and we won’t have to worry about 6 billion people raping mother earth over and over again. Wh0 can sleep at night as it is now?
To hurry things along we can immediately take all the fuel away from truck drivers, get them off their rear ends and into shape while not delivering any products. Just by making this stuff we mugged Big Momma big time. We have to stop this insanity of doing anything or making stuff. People are the real evil ones out to kill mother earth.
Pretty soon there will be no people left and the earth can return to its normal self, making the sea rise and inundating coastlines around the world as it has many times before and there will be no humans to move or worry about and the world will be back to normal as it it freezes itself solid in the next Ice Age.
We can each at least starting to do our own part by eating our pets so they don’t foul Momma’s air, water and dirt again. We have time to get a lot done before we kill ourselves I would think - not that our thinking matters in the big scheme of things.
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Oh, no, I will be accused of llama abuse once again.
My family was deeply involved with alternative health care and organic agriculture, going back a long way.
Some of their ideas were good ones; a lot of them were quite nutty. (My daughter thought she was going to be a nut scientist; then the thought horrified her–speaking of real nuts, the kind that grow on trees.)
I prefer to eat food that I grow than food grown and shipped from China. We have a large garden in the woods, and we belong to an organic gardening organization, but we don’t pretend to be organic farmers. I prefer to grow food that wasn’t sprayed with pesticides and was grown on healthy soil. Efarmer is a lot more sophisticated in this subject than I am.
Their is a lot of faddism and foolishness in the “organic” movement, but there is a core of good sense in it. That is: avoid monoculture, maintain healthy soil, avoid poison in your food as much as possible, avoid shipping tons of food so we can eat out of season whenever our whim inspires us, avoid eating over corn-syruped and over-processed food as a steady diet.
Free enterprise is a great system, but at this web site it is regarded as idolatry instead of as a system invented by humans. (It doesn’t come from “God.”) It works very well indeed for building computer chips and many other industrial goods.
Unadulterated and unrestricted free enterprise does not work that well in medicine and in farming. “Industrial farming” is dangerous and harmful.
I have said this many times on this web site. One of the things that conservative Christians do is adapt their ideology to changing times and then act as if they invented it in the first place. They are doing it with Sarah Palin, the pro-life feminist. In this topic, they are discovering the wonders of organic agriculture.
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I have eaten beef, goat meat, lamb, chicken, turkey, duck, venison, pork, buffalo. Vegetables, too. I have never eaten llama meat, though I presume it is reasonably edible. If it comes from a real llama, and not a human who masquerades as one in a joke that has worn a bit thin. I am not a cannibal.
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I agree that we should stop subsidizing, especially for ethanol.
Michelle’s suggestion back at #1 is good. But when you rake the leaves, you need to run over them with the lawn mower to chip them before putting them in the pile. Be sure you don’t have big items like rocks in the pile. Then add some lime. You may have to wait a year, they don’t compost much over the winter. It’s best if you have a compost pile, then add good soil from the bottom each year. It does wonders for a garden.
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Efarmer,
Can you suggest any resources for urban gardening? The Square Foot method looks like it might work well?
Also wondering about composting in the city, would like to do it, but it is very important to keep it vermin- and odor-free.
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Thomas,
I compost in the city with no problems–like a rural compost, just avoid meat and dairy. I compost 90% yard waste with the rest as coffee grounds, egg shells, vegetable peelings, etc. No odor or vermin at all, but you could add lime if you thought it might be a problem.
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I have discovered a way to garden with little space. It is in containers. A great resource is http://www.earthbox.com/
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I respect these efforts described above … I would ask readers to consider something a little more bold: living in the country - there’s still a lot of room out here. Also, to consider simplifying their lives - moving toward a simple lifestyle. By this world’s standards this doesn’t make a lot of sense, but are this world’s standards the final answer?
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It is very interesting to me that the author has been thinking about pulling food from his own land. This thinking is resourceful. I have also been spurred along these same sort of thoughts, but could it possibly stem from logical conclusions that come to our minds as we consider the current status and progression of our governing system, officials, and irresponsible use of money? In any case, to use efficiently and resourcefully that which one has is godly and very wise!
It looks as though you have many folk here giving you gardening tips. I should like to suggest the Sunset Garden Encyclopedia if you’d like to learn what grows well in your area, what sort of soil you have, and what to do with the pests you’ll likely have to deal with.
Second, for resourcefulness, I have found you can make a great compost pile in a relatively short amount of time by simply using a lawn mower (if you have grass), a good quality blender and a large pit or hole in the ground. The lawn mower bag provides the grass cuttings/leaves (hopefully without seeds) and the blender provides the way to make what I call “mulch shakes”. Simply use all of your kitchen waste (all peelings, veggies forgotten til you cleaned your fridge, apple cores, no meat unless it is fish) add water, blend, pour over the grass cuttings in the hole/pit, also a blender full of water to rinse, turning it into the pile. A few weeks of repeating this process whenever the blender needs to be emptied will give you the result of richer soil. Of course, this is supposing you regularly cut your own grass and prepare your own food for this to work.
Moreover, if I can encourage you in this matter of resourcefulness, I should like to! I know of a farm nearby that uses the methane from its cow manure to provide the electricity for its entire operation along with the housing for the families that work it. There is even extra electricity produced that is given freely to the electric company who then sells it to the rest of us who have not yet been able to figure how to make our own waste produce for us.
The more individual responsibility we all can take for ourselves and the provision of our households, the better for our nation and our people as a whole.
Farming/gardening that is blessed by the God who controls the weather, actually provides true wealth that you can put your hands on for true needs enabling people to be somewhat self sufficient looking to God for help and blessing rather than relying on things like the honesty and ability of corrupt men to provide for them. In my opinion, true wealth lies in those things which the patriarch Abraham had: land, animals, wells/usable water, and hired hands.
Besides, if you can get some knowledge on farming or gardening–you’ll have a head start for the Millenial Kingdom when Jesus Christ, the perfect and eternal world Governor will rule from Jerusalem: “…and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.” Is. 2:4 And won’t that be nice!
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